What is microfibre?
You’ve seen it everywhere; from mops to furniture, sportswear to towels – but what is microfibre, exactly? And what makes it so versatile? ‘Microfibre’ refers to a synthetic fibre which is extremely thin, even slimmer than a strand of silk (which is about a fifth of the diameter of a human hair). To be exact, a microfibre must be finer than one denier of thread. Microfibre can vary in properties dependent on the fibres it’s created from. This results in an incredibly adaptable fabric with plenty of advantages over natural woven materials.
What is microfibre made from?
The most common type of synthetic material that microfibre is made from is polyester, but nylon and other types of polyamides can also be used depending on what the fabrics use will be. On face value, this may not seem as eco-friendly as natural fabrics but it’s worth noting that during the production process of polyester microfibres, absolutely no pesticides are used and the dyeing methods don’t require any water which results in less wastage. Comparatively, a huge amount of water is needed in the dyeing process of cotton.
Manufacturers alter and combine various types, sizes, lengths and shapes of fibres to utilise specific characteristics of microfibre, depending on what they’re producing. For example, by using specific types of fibres they can make the fabric water absorbent or extra soft.
What is microfibre used for?
Microfibre has a whole host of desirable properties which make it useful for an incredible range of products.
One of the most common uses for microfibre is in cleaning products; particularly cloths and mops. Being able to hold up to seven times its own weight in water of course makes it handy in soaking up spills, but the most useful part is the way microfibre can pick up bacteria from dirty surfaces. During the manufacturing process, the fibres are split which makes them incredibly effective at picking up and trapping dirt. Alongside this, microfibres can also attract and catch bacteria and viruses from most surfaces. Pathogens feed on organic matter, so the synthetic quality of microfibre cloths means they can effectively catch and destroy any lingering bacteria. This reduces the risk of germs and illnesses being spread in kitchens, hospitals, and anywhere they’re used. The tiny fibres also mean microfibre is non-abrasive, so won’t damage any surfaces even when used with cleaning solutions.
The water-absorbing quality also makes microfibre a popular choice in the manufacture of athletic wear. The nature of the fabric means it wicks moisture away from the wearers body, keeping them cool and dry despite perspiration. Being very elastic means the clothing can be both comfortable and durable too.
Unlike absorbent microfibre, when microfibre is used for regular clothing or furniture, the fibres aren’t split because it doesn’t need to be absorbent – simply soft, and comfortable. They can be used to create tough but soft materials for clothing such as jackets or skirts, as well as being made into an animal-free imitation suede that is cheaper than genuine suede leather. The ability to mimic leather makes it a popular choice for fashion accessories and furniture upholstery.
Microfibre origins
Although microfibre is used every day, no one is 100% sure where it was first developed. One of the most interesting origin stories is that it was invented by the Japanese to create lightweight and flattering swimwear for women in the 1970’s. Although this was a spectacular fail as the swimsuits absorbed the water and became very heavy, Europeans re-developed microfibre 10 years later and marketed it as an extremely absorbent fabric for cleaning purposes.
Types of microfibre
There are two main types of microfibre; flat weave and split weave. This refers to the fibres and whether they are split during the production process.
Split Weave
‘Split weave’ microfibre is made by the fibres being split in production. This increases the surface area and consequently more water can be absorbed by the material. Thousands of tiny loops are formed when the threads are split, which are perfect for picking up small dirt particles without being abrasive.
Flat Weave
‘Flat weave’ microfibre is not made for cleaning or sportswear, as it has half the moisture absorbing capabilities of split weave. If you’re unsure whether a cloth is split or flat weave microfibre, simply run your hand over the surface of the product. If it is split, the fibres will cling to the skin.
Microfibre Advantages and Disadvantages
Like all products, microfibre has both its advantages and disadvantages. The flexibility of microfibre makes it a very versatile and thus very advantageous product, which can be adapted to your needs.
Advantages
- Non-abrasive
- Hygienic
- Durable
- Soft to the touch
- Can be treated with anti-bacterial chemicals
- Lightweight
- Water-repellent
- Water-absorbing
- Long-lasting if cared for properly
Disadvantages
- Requires special laundering
- Higher upfront cost
Microfibre Printing
You can print your own microfibre fabric using your photographs, artwork and designs, by simply uploading them to the design interface and positioning them as you would like. If you have any doubts about how easy it is to do, try a test print first and you’ll also benefit from a £10 voucher off your first order.
Why not try designing your own microfibre fabric? Explore microfibre and over 100 other fabrics in your own swatch pack.
